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2005年05月28日
ϵҲˤ륷ƥκѡԤη
Ϥ
ռϡԤεǽѲȤʤ顢ݼҲι¤ѲֻüԤιŪʼ˴ŤƥפȡּҲϢӡפȤĤδطΤܤʤʬϤ뤳ȤˤꡢϵҲѲβǽŸ˾뤳Ȥˤ롣
ǤƥȤϡüԤʾ丢Ϥʤη֤οᤷʤŪʼ˴Ťư뤿ȤߤؤƥȤƤϡԾкѥƥࡢˡƥࡢʤɤ롣ݴطˤƤϡȤȤʼ縢ԡפꤷߴطñ㲽縢ȥƥबܹ¤ȤʤäƤ롣ƥǸĿͤŪñʿ˴ŤƹưǤ뤿ᡢôڸ졢η̡絬Ϥߴطۤ뷹롣ħĶҲŪ˹äΤϡޤޤʵǽ̤ƥबʬ졢ĿͤŪôڸǤᡢ¾μҲΤⵡǽṲ̄ͥΩäȤˤȹͤ롣
üԤιưͽ¬ǽǡꤷΤȤʤ褦ʥƥβѤϡƥˤȤäƹŪǤ롣ƥˤȤäƤιϡƥüԴ֤ΩĴ䤹뤿δȤʤ꤬Ǥ뤿ᡢƥѲʲѤˤϥƥˤȤäƤιưǤ롣Τ褦ѲϡɬҲŪʸʸʿݾʤɡˤ¸櫓ǤϤʤ̱Ūʽ٤¸ߤҲϢӤ˴ŤƤĤԤ줬˵ǽСֹŪפʥƥब߽ФҲŪ̷褹뤿εˡ˴ŤƹԤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롣
ݴطˤƤϡ縢ȥƥȤߤǸĤԤ졢ƥηѤԤƤߡҲλԾкѲˤԾкѥƥڤϢϵ®˿ʤǤ뤬ΤȤ߽ۤФҲ̷ϢӤ˴Ť褹뤿٤ҲŪԽʬǤ1 ۤϢӤ˺ϵŪʼҲ褹뤿ư⡢̱ҲޥǥݵؤʤɤʤϵŪʸ߽ФĤĤ롣ưϤֹŪפʥƥФȤư䡢ƥǹŪʼɵ᤹ưȤΩDZƶϤΤ
Ǥϡηˤ䤤θڤΤνȤԤʲԤηԾкѥƥˤȤäƤιݾ㥷ƥˤȤäƤι縢ȥƥݻ뤿ιܤʤʬϤƼΤΡֹɵפҲ̷ߤƤäڤ
1ԤȤޤƥ
2 ϡ̲ߴIMFˡǰפ˴ؤ̶GATTˤȤȤˡμͳкѤŤŪȤߤȤ߽Ф줿ȤߤФưϤϡꥹƹǤ롣ϼȤƼ縢ȥƥȻԾкѥƥιܻؤưǤä˰ݾ㥷ƥʸ̮Ǥ⤢٤Ԥ褦ˤʤ롣ǤϡޤΥƥѤ褦
ȤʤäƤΤϡδŪʹݴطꤷƤ縢ȥƥǤ롣ϳƹˡŪʼ縢ȤǤȤβθĤˤꤷ뤳ȤŪȤ롣ĤμΤȤƾǧƤ縢Ȥϡˡ˰ȿʤ¤ȼפͳɵ᤹뤳ȤǧƤꡢդʤ¾˲ƤϤʤʤȤƤ롣IMFϡ縢ȥƥǤ줿ĤˤΩ줿ƹθʧߤζۤˤջ긢ŤۤʤꡢƹʤʹȹΰջפʤȤ櫓ϡ˶ȿǤƤȤäƤ⡢ġΥץȤμ»ܤϤޤоݹιդǤꡢ縢ȥƥ˴ŤưƤ롣
ݾ㥷ƥϡιư礭ʱƶͿǤݾ㥷ƥȤϡ縢ȥƥǹȤΰݾΤ¾ȺƱ䶨ϴطݾ㥷ƥǹưɽϡϡкϤʤɤθʤ顢¾ȤδطԤΰݾ¸褦Ȥ롣Ū˥ʡʹ¤ĸߤμ縢ȥƥݻǽϸŪʤΤǡݾϾ˹ȤνפʲȤƤˤξرĤ϶ѹդ˴Ťݾάѡ줾켫οرĤ°褦¾Ư뤳ȤȤʤäηֹ̡ȴ֤Ϣӡפ˴ŤƱȯŸӾŪϤ䤹Ķޤ졢ͳرĤƳؤλ⤢ٳݤ줿¦⡢ĶѤưϤγߤ
ԾкѥƥϡġλüԤηкѳưݾڤ뤿ȤߤǤ롣ǤϸŪؤˤкѳưݾ㡢ƻԾ٤ҲŪΰǤγưʶ顦Ťʤɡˤˤꤽεǽݾڤ礬¿IMFϡƹȤŪԾкѥƥ˻äʤôݤƻ뵡ǤƱˡûŪ̲ͻ̤ԤʾθݤŪʻԾкѥƥ٤롣ϡϹݻԾкѥƥŤ٤ǤʾˡԾ䴰ԤΤȤʤäŪդĤĤ⡢伫ΤϡԾ줫ĴãȤѤơͻԤȤԾλʬ۵ǽ̤ƤǤ롣Ȥ櫓ȤؤԿäΩΣݣǯϡͻԾǤοݤιưꤷƤᡢͻоݥץȼΤκλŻ뤵Ƥ3 ʤ1980ǯʹߡӾѺ̳β褬礭ʵȤʤäƤϡIMFȤȤˡ¤Ĵͻ̤ƹŪ̲٤εǽݤȤô褦ˤʤ롣
Τ褦ˡȿȤƤϼ縢ȥƥפȤϻԾкѥƥफʤ顢ݾ㥷ƥԾкѥƥȿưƤβǡνȿȤƤϡȿݻϤäƤ롣ͻҲ̷ϡʣΥƥ̷θǤƱˡġΥƥ༫ΤλļҲŪθǤ⤢롣ʲȯŸηаޤƥ̷θ߲βܤʤ鸡ڤ롣
ΩȽγư縢ȥƥȻԾкѥƥγΩư
֥ȥåʤɤιۤȤƹԤäΤϡꥹƹǤ롣1941ǯ˥롼٥Τȥ㡼꤬̤ԤäȤˡˤĤƤεƤ롣롼٥Ȥϡʿ¤ݾ㤹뤿ˤϼͳǰפԲķǤꡢ̤ǰꡢȤȿ̱ϤΤ˸ߤ褦ʤΤפȼĥöŪʥ㡼ڤäơη裴ˤơ褬СȾȤ鷺ﾡԹ鷺٤ƤνϷкŪ˱ɤɬפλԾȸФʿʥġפȤ§Ȥ߹
롼٥Ȥμĥϡ̱Ϥ֥åкѤǰפ̤網⤿餷ǯηиȿʤ˴ŤΤäƤϡƱǤФ줿̱²θ§Ȥä̱²ϡƹϤˤ꿢̱ϳ綥ԤȤܼŪʹݴط˽Ǥʼ縢ȤߤιդˤԤꤷּ縢ȥƥפγΩᤶΤǤ롣줬¸̱ϲԤ줿ϡ̱Ϥλ۴ط碌ΤǡԾϤˤݤ뤳ȤϺȤʤ롣dzƹηкѳưݾڤ뤿ˤϡͳкѤθ§Բķäʤ縢ȥƥȹŪʻԾкѥƥγΩƱܻؤΤƤǤä⤳ƤϥƥˤȤäƹŪǤǤϤʤƹˤ⤫ʤäƤƹο̱Ϥϸ¤ƤꡢԾؤΥưפˤʤ뼫ͳкѤϡƹι̱кѤˤȤäƤˤʤ뤳ȤϤʤƤǤ⤢ä4
Ԥϡ̲ߴInternational Monetary FundʲIMFάˤȤȤ˥֥ȥåĤΩƤ롣¤ϡǤε濴Ϲ̲ߴǤꡢˤĤƵ䤵줿֤ûΤˤĤƾܺ٤ʵ줿櫓ǤϤʤˤ衢Ǻ줿IBRDΩǤϼλͤĤŪäƤ롣1)Ū¥ʤ뤳Ȥˤȳȯٱ礹뤳ȡ2)̱֤γ˻äʤɤ뤳Ȥˤꤽ¥ʤ̱֤λ⤬ǤʤʤɤǤ줬ɬפʾˤϡľܤ뤳ȡ3)ĹŪ˼٤ΤȤ줿ǰפŪʹ夹뤳Ȥˤ¥ʤ뤳ȡ4)¾ιŪʼڴ˴ϢǼڴݾڤ뤳Ȥˤ۵ޤʥץȤͥŪ˰褦ˤ뤳ȤǤ롣
ŪΰǡפȡֳȯפξԤҤ줿ºݤ߷ԤǰƬˤäΤϡȤǤäȤꤢŪʻԾкѥƥबǽ뤿ˤϡ줾μΤ˳ưǤʤƤϤʤ餺ˤ˲줿Ϥ뤳ȤŪʻԾкѥƥεǽΤˤԲķǤäԾкѥƥ̤ƴ˿Ϣ뤵ƤϰϡƹפˤĤʤȤ줿ˤϼȤƥ衼åؤιԤƤΤǤ롣ֳȯפȤ߹ޤ줿ΤϡĹŪʻԾкѥƥˤȤäƤι߷ԤɾȤȵڤӡƤʤӾ֥ȥåĤ˻äƤᡢؤθɬפǤäȤȤˤ5
ƹˤȤäƽפʲǤȤƤ⡢ΤˡȤơ¥ʡפʤɴŪˡˤȤɤޤäƤΤϤʤʤΤǶǤϤʤʤפɵ᤹ΤʤֻԾפ顢䳫ȯȤŪ˻ƳȤͤѤ줿ΤϡۤϢӤʬ¸ߤƤʤäǤȤ櫓ʳǤ¾ٱǤ;͵ĤΤƹǤꡢظζIJнФη긢ƹܤˤϡʾΤȤϤǤʤä6
Τ褦Ȥߤǹۤ줿ϡΩϻԾкѥƥΰĤμΤȤƹư뤳ȤԤ줿1960ǯ˹ݳȯIDAˤΩޤǡλϡĤ̤ƻԾ줫ԾĴãƤ䤬̾ζԤȰۤʤΤϡܤ̾Ūʧˤķݾ㤵Ƥȡ˻ʧɬפʤȤȤĤǤ롣ϡŪ;͵Ѥơ¿ΥåդѡڤλƳԾؤξԤȤˤꡢڤμڤǽϤ䶯ȤԾ䴰Ṳ̄ȤȤʤ롣
ʤŪǤäϡԾ١ζǻĴãԤμˤ;ΤȤȤ餫ˤʤä7 ⸻Ǥä볹Ǥϡ1930ǯιȺķΥǥեȤε8 ܤߤФԤؤο㤫äɡؤ絬ϤʻϡƹñȤαײǤޡץԤĤȤȤʤ롣1947ǯƤ줿ޡץϡοޤǡηкŪʺ𤬥ϢرĤȤƹΰݾιθˤȤŤ1948ǯ˾ǧƤ롣
ΰջԡۡӳƹܤʧ˱ɼˤϡ1949ǯĤ줿ΰǤֳȯפˤȤ꤯ळȤƤˤӾɽ⤪ꡢ˶ŪȤƽޤƤʾ塢ΤȤˤϷŪˤϤʤäϤޤǻԾ줫Ĵã뤳ȤƤꡢλԾĶǡΤȤ꤯ߤϸ¤줿ΤȤʤ餶ʤäڤǤȤؤο꤬ʤᡢͻԾطԤοǧγͥ褵졢μ¤ץȤꤷͻȤˡȤ줿ΤǤ9 1950ǯǤ顢ԾοѤݤ뤿ᡢζͿ43ϥ衼åѡȥꥢ˥塼ɡܤʤɤι˸Ƥ
Ω濴ŪʲϡԾкѥƥǿ߰¸طˤäΤ϶ˤꡢԾ쥷ƥηʵǽ¸뤳ȤǤä縢ȥƥΰݻɬӾΰոθȤ߹ޤ졢ֳȯפȤŪŪ˵ꤵ뤳Ȥˤʤ롣פ;ǧбĿؤȿݻΤֳȯפ˼ܤĤġԾˤȤäƹŪȤ줦ϰdzưƤΤΩ1950ǯǤä
IDAΩޥʥޥˤ硦ﲼΡֹȤϢӡ
γȯؤΤȤ꤯ߤؤδԤϾĹޤ롣طʤˤϡˤرĤαؤδؿȡӾΩϢؤλä롣ǤϡرĤؤλٱݤνӾμĥ̵뤷ˤʤ롣Ȥ櫓ϢؤˤƤϡӾΰո̵ǤʤʤäƤη̤ϡ1960ǯιݳȯInternational Development Association: ʲIDAˤ䥰롼ǤΩˤĤʤ롣̵ҤͻԤIDAϹŪ˻ɬפȤ뵡ؤǤꡢӾ˻ͿؤȤƤ¦̤ġλӤˤĤƤϻԾˤĤƤɾϤۤɽפǤϤʤʤ뤿ᡢŪȽǤͻǤ褦ˤʤäˤꡢϼ縢ȥƥˤ˿Ȥ߹ޤƤȤˤʤ롣
IDAΤ褦ʻⶡͿؤϡǤ1940ǯ餢äƤ1949ǯιϢкѼҲǤϡӾǤλⶡͿԤϢкѳȯɡUNEDAˤ֤ݡȤФ줿1952ǯˤϡϢ軰ηкѳȯΤ̴֤Ƥ롣Ƥϡ㳫ȯؤεѱѡʪĴãλٱ硢ˤǤդʤɤԤȤꤷΤǡŪˤϸ߽Ф줿IDAȤ褯Ƥ10
顢Ϣ濴ȤưƹȿФ롣ӾͳرĤĤʤȤ뤿ˤ⡢¦⤷ʤ櫓ˤʤäλϡϢ˾Ūʾ軰ͻԤäƤꡢйɬפ⤢äΤǤ11 ƹǤԤΤϲ٤ŤϢ֤СôԤƹʤɤΰո̤ˤΤᡢIDA֤ȤΤǤ롣
ñʤԡפ鳫ȯͻؤѤưФơۤȿФ֥åۡEugene BlackǤ1947ǯ1962ǯˤϡ1960ǯΥåեؤǤιֱǡֳŪʾ䷳ŪƱȤθǷкѱ볰䷳άȤϡäкȯŸ˱פ櫓ǤϤʤפȯƤ12 ͻԾФԤѤǤǤ뤳Ȥο뤳ȤϤǤ֥åۤȤƤϡԾкѥƥιȿȽǤԤǽΤ뵡ؤȤʤ뤳Ȥˤäȹͤ롣ˡⶡͿΤߤdzȯ꤬ǤȤͤФƤȽŪǤä13 ԤϤޤǹݵؤǤꡢǽŪȯϲȾγƹˤäɡIJθ岡ƹܤΰƤ̤ꡢIDAΩʤ줿
ٲѤϡԾкѥƥˤȤäƤιʻԾкѤӾǤηȯŸˤפŪȤƤ櫓ǤϤʤʹȹˤȤäƤϡرĤΩȤݾ㥷ƥιưǤäٲѤᤷӾˤȤäƤϡʹȹФƹۤϢӤ뤳Ȥˤꡢܤ˻뤿ΤΤǤäӾܤ¦ΰݾɬȰפᡢƤϽл¦˼줿ΤǤ롣Τ褦ʰݾ㥷ƥ¦ȿǡϻԾкѥƥΰΤ顢Ūʰջפ˴Ťƹư볫ȯؤؤƤƤ
ԤγȯؤȤƤʤ褦ȤΤ1968ǯۤǤˤĤޥʥޥRobert S. McNamaraǤ19681981ǯˤǤ롣ޥʥޥϡϤʻ̿äαĤ˼ȤߡŪ˳ȯ˴Ϳ褦ȻߤκݡޥʥޥϡΤ褦ĤˤȤŤƹưƤ롣ϡƹιΰݾβȤǧϺθȤȤǤ14 ݾŪŪ¦̤˴ԸֳŪʾ䷳ŪƱפ̲ߤȤƤȤ館äֳάȡפȰۤʤꡢηкˤؿʧäȤ̣Ǥϡޥʥޥñʰݾ㥷ƥȤߤۤȯۤԤäϡϺΤˤϡγۤפʰ̣ĤȹͤȤˤ롣ǤȾǯ1968ǯ9ˡޥʥޥФơֺΣǯ֤ǤޤǤΣǯ˹ԤäͻܤζۤٽФ뤳Ȥ˾ޤפ15 ¡ͻϤϵ˳礷16 ΤᡢޥʥޥϡIDAǤϤʤ̾Ĥ̤ƻԾ줫Ĵã礷Ĵã˥塼衼ǤϤʤƹζͻԾѶŪƯ礷Ƥ
ޥʥޥѳפǽȤ¤ŪʾȤƤϼΤ褦ʤΤ롣
˰ݾ㥷ƥɬǧޤäȤǤ롣λϡ٥ȥʥ衢ϢΥե˥̤ơ郎߲Ǥ롣ɥߥͽ줿γȤȤ뤿ˡϺȻˤ¦رĤγԤ٤ǤȤĥϡ٤ܤʵϤäƤݾ㥷ƥǤϰ̤ޤäƤΤǤ롣
ˡⶡͿ¦λԾĶѲ롣1973ǯΥ륷åʹߡʤä⤬ʹζͻԾ˴ή⤬;äƤȥǥեȤε졢ΤޤǤμӤФɾޤäơλȯԤˤĴãŪưפʤΤȤʤäƤԾкѥƥǤؤδԤޤäƤΤǤ롣
ͻ⤿餷кŪҲŪƶ
䤬ȯ̤ǤɤΤ褦ʸ̤⤿餷ˤĤƤϡޤޤɾ褦ְ㤤ʤΤϡŪɾϤʤǤ졢ץȤ¿ιηкѹ¤Ūʱƶ⤿餷ƤȤȤǤ롣ľŪͳˤϡܤ˵Τȡˤ˵Τξ롣ˡβˤ¤Ūװ⤢롣Ѥǡ餬ƥħȤɤΤ褦˴ؤäƤΤ褦
ޤ⤽⳰ΩƤͻˤ곫ȯԤȤʼΤ˸³롣£ͿؤǤϤʤޤǶͻؤǤ롣ͻϡɥƤֺѤʾ塢͢ФԤȤˤŪʻԾкѥƥѶŪ˻ä뤷ƤϤʤͻȤȤϡŪʵѤμؤΥ̣뤬NIESΤ褦ˤʬ˻Ȥʤ͢Сʡᳰ߳ˤˤĤʤѰդΤǤƤСֺ̳Ѥ礭ôȤʤäƻĤ뤳Ȥˤʤ롣ۤϢӤǡƤǡǶ⤫λٽФʤäʤˡȤФ줿ͻˤ볫ȯפȤάϤФмԤź̳ߤϡޥʥޥͻͥȿĤǤȤ櫓˸롣ޥʥޥΡֻۤ礭ϺǤפȤΤʤοΤǤ롣
衢ԾкѥƥˤƤϡͻԤΥꥹ̤ɾŬڤʻԤ٤Ǥ롣ʹȹˤݾ㤬Ƥȡ⤬;ڤԾȤʤäƤ°פߤФԤ줿ȡΤηкȯŸɾǤäȡȤ櫓߳ǽϤؤι٤ɾǤäȤʤɤˤꡢԾкѥƥεǽƯʤäȤꤹ뤳ȤϡлܡӾܡԾطԤΤ٤ƤˤȤäԹɤˡǤäŪ¿ۤκֺ̳ǽϤʤФƤϡ۽̺ͥ͢λȤɲäͻԤ¤ĴͻԤ뤳ȤȤʤ롣СΰλƤѤߤ뤳Ȥͥ褹褦줿ΤǤ롣η̡š顢Ȥʤ¿̤Ǥκ̱ˤ⤿餷ŪʼҲŪкŪοߤ17
䤬ͻ̤ΥץȤʤɤ⡢Ƥ롣ƻϩߤʤɤ¿ΥեŸȯץȤͻԤäƤ롣Ǥ˽Ҥ٤褦ˡץȤϡԾɾԤʤ鿵Ť˹Ԥ줿ϤäĶ˲ݷξΩभʤɤˤȤʤҲƶʤɤγԷкѤϷȤƤʤäᡢ礭Ƥ롣ϡץȤΥʤˤȤޤʤԾοǧγݤͥ褷ץȤФ줿֥åۻΣμץץȤȾϡʼҲĶؤαƶƤ18 Ϻʤ¼ȯʤɤؤͻޥʥޥۻϡͻӤ俦ɾȤ줿ᡢष¿μΰץȤͻԤƤ롣
ץȤ»ܤ줿ľܤͳϡεŪкŪȽǥߥǤäꡢڤܤ̵ǤǤäꤹ롣ϸ̤εѥ٥Ȥ⡢ץȤɤȤʾäɬŪޤ줿ȹͤ٤Ǥ
ϡŪˤϼ縢ȥƥǹư뤿ᡢץȼ»ܤΤǤϰϤȤΩभʤɤ˴Ϳ뤳ȤϤʤäȤ櫓ݾ㥷ƥαƶäﲼϡͳرĤؤλٱɸΰĤǤꡢȤꤿƤ餫ˤ륤ƥ֤ƯʤäܤμҲ̷бưѤͭƤϻɤǤꤷ⤷ʤͻоݤϡΥ֥饸롢ϥλ۲Υɥͥޥ륳۲Υեԥ˥βΥ˥ʤɤθҼŪʹǤäǤϡײ̤˻ȼ»ܤ뤳ȤϤǤ뤫⤷ʤŪʱƶ̱ΰոȿǤʤ
䤬äƤ̵Ƚ줿꤬⤢롣͢лȿʤɤǤ롣ϡ뤳ȤˤꡢԾؤŬڤʾԤŬڤʱѤԤ٤äΤ伫ΤФʹεФˤݾ㡢ܤؤλֺѤͥ褹Ȥ꤭Ƥʤɡ縢ȥƥǻݾ㤬ƤᡢкŪʥꥹϤʤä⡢ڤܤˤϽʬμʤϡƤ̵Ƚ˼뤷ʤäҼǤСƳФȽϤꤨʤäǤʤƳϹǼǼԤôʤᡢǤξܺ٤ʸƤϤʤäǤ⡢ޥʥޥˤ˴ŤⶡͿγۤ䥹åդϡƷμˤĤƸƤ륤ƥ֤Ưʤä⤽ⶡ밵ϤζͻԾǤϡƷŬڤʿ˼ԤϹȤݾˤꥹƤᡢ°פʻȤʤä
ޤȤᡦΩƤȥƥαƶ
ϡ¦ΰȤ߷פ줿ꤵƤ濴ŪϡǤ˿߰¸طˤäԾкѥƥμΤηʤʤˤǤä縢ȥƥΰݻΤӾȤŶƹμλٻԳݤʤɤΰտޤ⤢äơ澮βǤֳȯפŪȤ롣¤˴ͿϤʤäηбļԤϡŪȿΰݻΤᡢȯ˾ƤƳư褦ˤʤ롣ϡ顼ʹؤδήʤɤλŪطʤǡӾ®˹ŪʻԾкѥƥ礷ƤȤˤĤʤäƥʰݾ㤬礿Ǥоݹܤλٻ뤳Ȥ濴Ȥ줿ȡƹμҲФʤäȡ縢ȥƥǹΡŪǡפˤĤƤβǤʤäȡˤȿʹݷкѤ䳫ȯˤĤƤηǡͻۤˤ륹åդɾˤʤɤ餳ԾкѥƥؤĤΤȤʤ롣ηޤ줿Ҳ̷ȤưդϡλƳԤˤ⡢ˤ¸ߤƤʤäᡢͽɤ⤵뤳ȤϤʤäη̤Ѻ̳̥ץȤˤҲĶ˲θ߲ˤĤʤäƤ
λϡĤΤäȤϵҲΥƥ礬Ӿ¦ΰݾ㥷ƥڤӻԾкѥƥؤȤǿʤ줿Ǥäݾ㥷ƥ˴ŤӾܤβȼرĤؤΰߤͥȤ졢⤬;äƤԾкѥƥǡʹݾդͻϳʹȤ줿ȿʸ⤿餷ͻ۶ޤäơϺˤҲŪʴ褦Ȥޥʥޥΰտޤȿ̤ϤޤƤȤˤʤäƤȤˤʤäΤǤ롣
ҲŪʴϡӾˤưˤĤʤäƤμҲưϡͻ̳»ܤξ㳲ȤʤƱˡݾ㥷ƥȤʤ뤿ᡢǤ衦ͽɤ٤ǧ褦ˤʤäƤˡ1980ǯäơưϢȤĶΡΡ轻̱²ٱΤŪʥڡϤƹΥǥIJˤƵ경ƤäΤȤפФ밵Ϥ߽ФƤȤˤʤΤǤ롣
abstract
The Impact of System Integration in the Global Society: From the Case of the Formulation and Transformation Process of the World Bank Group
This article is aimed at analyzing the dynamism of the global society by focussing on two modes of integration: system integration based on the actors' rational/self interest and integration based on solidarity. Actors in the system act based on their self interest as judged by the signals conveyed in the system in a way specialized in the system. Regimes to facilitate the integration through the systems were negotiated in the nation-state system and resulted in interconnected world. However, these interconnectedness does not guarantee social justice as it is based on the rational/self-interest. In this article, the World Bank is studied to analyze how such a connection is created by looking at how the motivation of the concerned parties are controlled by the systems, such as security system, nation-state system, and market system.
1 Jurgen Habermas, "The European Nation-State: On the Past and Future of Sovereignty and Citizenship", in Jurgen Habermas (edited by Ciaran Cronin and Pablo De Greiff), The Inclusion of Others: Studies in Political Theory (MIT Press, 1998), pp. 120-121, Shaw, Martin Global Society and International Relations (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994)
2 ʤΤˤԤ̾ΤϡȯԡInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Develpment: IBRDˤ˽Ҥ٤ݳȯŪ˱ĤƤꡢܹƤǤϤ碌ԤȸƤǤ롣
3 Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997), pp. 88-89
4 οݷкѡϡ̱Ϥ˿طĤΤˤȤäƤʤΤǡѲϴñˤϿʤޤʤäθϤˤۤϡҲ߽ФȤϤʤۤΤΥȤϹޤ롣Τῢ̱ϤΩϿʹԤߤǤϵΤۤƤϰ褬縢ȥƥʤƤ롣
5 Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997), p. 60
6 ºݡIMFȤŪܤôξݵ֡ˤĤƤȿФ¸ߤƤΤᡢܤ䶨屡ΣλɬפʾǤϤʤȾǺηǤȰ֤Ťˤ塢̱λٱ뤿˹ҤȷŪʥڡԤäƤ롣See, Catherine Caufield, Masters of Illusion : The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations (Henry Holt and Company, 1996), pp. 44-45.
7 㤨IBRD1947ǯǯϡ衼åѤ֥ȥåꤵƤϤ뤫˺ǤȻŦƤ롣International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Second Annual Report to the Board of Governors for the Year Ended June 30, 1947, p. 7.
8 Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997), p. 77ȡ
9 BRDͻư϶ͻԾοǧ1959ǯޤǤˤϡȥץAɾƤ롣Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997)ޤԤϳȯؤȤñʤԡפǤäȤäƤ褤Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997)ȤƹͻΤǡܤФ뿮꤬ʬפξ夬֥ץȡפˤɬפϤʤΤӤʬѤ߽ŤͤƤʤΩϡֶŪפξ夬ץȡפ뤳ȤˤͻԾطԤοȤտޤ⤢ä
10 ֲܴԤ١Ʊʸۡ2000ǯ151-154ǻȡ
11 ǡ115-116ǡ
12 Devesh Kapur, John P. Lewis, and Richard Webb, The World Bank: Its First Half Century Vol.1 History (Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997), p. 136.
13 Jochen Kraske et. al., Bankers with a Mission : The Presidents of the World Bank, 1946-91 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996)esp. Chap. 3.
14 Jochen Kraske et. al., Bankers with a Mission : The Presidents of the World Bank, 1946-91 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996), p. 168
15 ibid. p. 172
16 ޥʥޥ餬ǤΣǯ֡1947ǯ68ǯˤǡ708ΥץȤФ107ɥͻͿƤޥʥޥ餬ۤ˽Ǥϡ196873ǯˤǤ⡢760134ɥã硼ե֥å٥åԤϵߤ뤫 ȯޡǯθ١īʹҡ1996ǯˡ52
17 ȹ¤ĴδطˤĤƤϡϢѰǤƤ롣See, UN Doc., E/CN.4/1997/WG.17/2, Implementation of Commission on Human Rights Decision 1996/103 entitled "Effects of Structural Adjustment Policies on the Full Enjoyment of Human Rights": Compilation of comments on the preliminary set of basic policy guidelines (ECOSOC, 4 February 1997)
18 Catherine Caufield, Masters of Illusion : The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations (Henry Holt and Company, 1996)
投稿者 sustena : 2005年05月28日 15:35
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